I have compiled a list of the common devices I use at the Virginia Military Institute in
my courses, independent study supervision, and research. All values listed in tables are typical; see linked datasheets
for details.
Comparators
device |
#1 |
input signal |
output signal |
chip power6 |
|
|
Imax2 |
Imax3 |
Vlow4 |
Vhigh5 |
Vmin |
Vmax |
LM311 |
1 |
150nA |
50mA |
0.75V |
50V |
5V |
36V |
LM193 |
2 |
25nA |
16mA |
0.25V |
30V |
2V |
36V |
LM339 |
4 |
25nA |
16mA |
0.25V |
36V |
2V |
36V |
Notes
1. Number of comparators in one IC.
2. Maximmum input current. Ideally zero.
3. Maximum current that the output can sink. Ideally infinite. The devices are open-collector or open-drain and
therefore cannot source any current.
4. How close to ground the output voltage can go. Ideally zero, often one diode drop above.
5. The maximum output voltage. Since comparators are open-collector or open-drain, the output is in a high-impedance
state when the device is "on", so the output must be pulled up with a resistor. There is a maximum voltage that
the output pin can be pulled up to without damaging the device.
6. The chip must be powered from supplies between these two extremes.
Digital to Analog Converters
device |
bits |
data1 |
Vlow2 |
Vhigh3 |
multiplying4 |
Tconversion |
AD557 |
8 |
parallel |
0V |
2.56V |
no |
1us |
DAC03830 |
8 |
parallel |
-10V5 |
10V5 |
yes6 |
1us |
Notes
1. The data bus may be serial or parallel loading.
2. The lowest possible voltage out, corresponding to an input of 00H.
3. The highest possible voltage out.
4. A multiplying D-A converter multiplies the analog output by a
provided analog input. A 4 quadrant multiplier permits either the
digital input or the analog multiplicand to be positive or negative.
Usually the multiplier feature can be easily disabled if not desired.
5. The output may be either configured to be a current or a voltage
signal, and may be adjusted to provide minimum and maximum outputs
anywhere in the -10V to +10V range.
6. Four quadrant, -10V to +10V.
Diodes
device |
Imax |
Vmax1 |
comments |
1N4001 |
1A |
50V |
power |
1N4004 |
1A |
400V |
power |
1N914 |
200mA |
100V |
small-signal (fast) |
Notes
1. The maximum reverse voltage the diode can tolerate before it breaks
down, ideally infinite.
Digital CMOS Logic
Notes
1. Unlike conventional CMOS inputs that are designed to operate with
relatively clean digital signals and suffer from output jitter and large
current drains when faced with a non-logic input such as 2.5V, Schmitt
inputs work well with analog inputs in the range of 0V to 5V, and
display hysteresis.
2. OK, this is a TTL and not a CMOS chip, but since it accepts CMOS
inputs and it outputs directly to an LED display it works fine in an
otherwise-CMOS circuit.
3. Write-only memory can be written to, but not read from. This
particular device has an excellent number-of-socket-insertions to
number-of-pins-remaining characteristic.
Filters
Device |
SC/A1 |
Order2 |
Purpose3 |
Type4 |
Vin5 |
Fmin6 |
Fmax |
Comments |
MAX274 |
A |
8 |
BP, LP |
BW, BL, C1 |
±5V |
0Hz |
150kHz |
|
MAX280 |
SC |
5 |
LP |
BW |
±8V |
0Hz |
20kHz |
zero DC error |
MAX291 |
SC |
8 |
LP |
BW |
±5V |
0.1Hz |
25kHz |
|
MAX292 |
SC |
8 |
LP |
BL |
±5V |
0.1Hz |
25kHz |
|
MAX295 |
295 |
8 |
LP |
BW |
±5V |
0.1Hz |
50kHz |
|
MAX296 |
296 |
8 |
LP |
BL |
±5V |
0.1Hz |
50kHz |
|
UAF42 |
A |
6 |
all |
BW, BL, C1 |
±15V |
0Hz |
100kHz |
See notes below7 |
Notes
1. Filters may be either of the switched-capacitor variety (need no
supporting capacitors or resistors but do require a clock source and
introduce some noise at the switching frequency) or analog variety.
2. The maximum possible order if all the chip is used to design a single
filter. Many chips permit either a single high order filter or
several lower-order filters to be constructed.
3. Lowpass, Highpass, Bandpass, or Bandstop.
4. Butterworth (BW), Bessel (BL), Chebyshev I (C1), Chebyshev II (C2),
Elliptic (E).
5. The maximum supply, input, and output voltages. Usually these
can be operated on a single-sided supply (e.g. 0-5V) if the input signal
is given a DC offset (e.g. 2.5V).
6. Some filters have an uncontrolled DC offset. For these filters,
Fmin is above the ideal 0Hz.
7. To calculate the external components to build a filter using the
UAF42, Burr-Brown provides the excellent software program Filter42 for
download and its
associated documentation.
Instrumentation Amplifiers
device |
general |
Vpower |
input |
output |
|
CMRR1 |
gain |
BW |
low |
high |
Ib |
Voff |
Zin |
Vswing limit2 |
Imax |
AD620 |
110dB |
1 to 1000 |
120kHz |
±2.3V |
±18V |
0.5nA |
75uV |
10Gohm |
Vsupp±1.2V |
18mA |
AD621 |
110dB |
10, 100 |
800kHz |
±2.3V |
±18V |
0.5nA |
75uV |
10Gohm |
Vsupp±1.2V |
18mA |
Notes
1. Common Mode Rejection Ratio specifies the ratio of the output voltage caused by a differential input voltage vs. a common mode input voltage.
Ideally infinite; 100dB = 100,000 the sensitivity to differential noise than common-mode noise. This is the fundamental reason to use
instrumentation amplifiers: to amplify small differential signals that ride upon large and possibly varying common-mode signals, especially
when the source impedance of the signal is high encouraging capacitive coupling of 60Hz powerline and radiofrequency noise.
2. The output voltage swing is usually not rail-to-rail (i.e. cannot go entirely between the low and high chip supply voltages).
Vswing limit refers to how close the output voltages can approach the positive and negative voltage supply rails (e.g. an AD620 powered from 0 and 5V
can have an output that varies from 1.2 to 3.8V).
Miscellaneous
Device |
description |
HAL300 |
Hall effect magnetic field sensor |
LM331 |
Voltage to frequency converter |
LM34 |
Temperature to voltage sensor |
LM386 |
1W Audio power amplifier |
LM3914 |
10 LED bargraph driver, linear response |
LM3915 |
10 LED bargraph driver, logarthmic response |
LM565 |
Phase locked loop (w/ frequency to voltage converter) |
LM567 |
Tone decoder |
OPL550 |
Buffered optosensor |
Oscillators
Device |
Frequency |
Vout max |
Iout |
comments |
|
min |
max |
|
|
|
LM555 |
0 |
2MHz |
2-15V |
200mA |
|
LM556 |
0 |
2MHz |
2-15V |
200mA |
dual 555's |
ICL8038 |
0 |
300kHz |
2-28V |
12mA |
sine, triangle, or squarewave outputs |
CD4060 |
690kHz |
12MHz |
5V |
CMOS digital |
self-contained, cheap |
Notes
All outputs are squarewaves except for ICL8038
OPAMPS
Device |
General |
Vpower |
Input |
Output |
|
#1 |
Slew |
Low |
High |
Ib |
Voff |
Vswing limit2 |
Imax |
LM324 |
4 |
7V/us |
3V |
32V |
45nA |
2mV |
V- to V+-1.5 |
20mA |
LM741 |
1 |
0.5V/us |
5V |
44V |
80nA |
1mV |
V-+2.1 to V+-2.1 |
25mA |
LMC6081 |
1 |
0.8V/us |
4.5V |
15V |
10fA |
0.15mV |
V- to V+ |
30mA |
LMC6082 |
2 |
0.8V/us |
4.5V |
15V |
10fA |
0.15mV |
V- to V+ |
30mA |
LMC6084 |
4 |
0.8V/us |
4.5V |
15V |
10fA |
0.15mV |
V- to V+ |
30mA |
LMC6482 |
2 |
1.3V/us |
3V |
16V |
20fA |
0.9mV |
V- to V+ |
20mA |
LMC6484 |
4 |
1.3V/us |
3V |
16V |
20fA |
0.9mV |
V- to V+ |
20mA |
NJM3403 |
4 |
1.2V/us |
4V |
36V |
70nA |
2mV |
V-+1 to V+-1 |
40mA |
OPA548 |
1 |
10V/us |
8V |
60V |
100nA |
2mV |
V-+3.3 to V+-3.7 |
3A ! |
Notes
1. Number of OPAMPs on each chip.
2. The output voltage swing is usually not rail-to-rail (i.e. cannot go
entirely between the low and high chip supply voltages). Vswing
limit refers to how close the output voltages can approach the positive
and negative voltage supply rails (e.g. an AD741 powered from -5V and 5V
can have an output that varies from -3.9V to 3.9V). R-R, or Rail
to rail, means that the output voltage can swing anywhere between the
two power supply rails (i.e. same as specifying a Vswing limit = Vsupply
± 0V).
Transistors
Device |
type |
polarity |
Vmax1 |
Imax2 |
RDS3 |
2N3904 |
BJT |
NPN |
40V |
200mA |
- |
2N3906 |
BJT |
PNP |
40V |
200mA |
- |
2N7000 |
FET |
NMOS |
60V |
400mA |
2 ohm |
IRF510 |
FET |
NMOS |
100V |
5A |
0.5 ohm |
IRF540 |
FET |
NMOS |
100V |
33A |
40 mohm |
IRF3205 |
FET |
NMOS |
55V |
110A |
8 mohm |
Notes
1. Vmax is the maximum VCE for BJT's or VDS for FET's.
2. Imax is maximum collector current for BJT's or maximum drain current for FET's.
3. Rds is for FET's when turned on. Ideally 0 ohms, this specifies how closely the FET looks like a closed switch.
Voltage Regulators
device |
output |
input |
type1 |
error2 |
pkg |
comments |
|
Vreg |
Imax |
Vmax |
Vd3 |
|
|
|
|
78L05 |
5V |
100mA |
30V |
1.7V@40mA |
L |
no |
TO92, SMT |
classic |
78L05 |
5V |
1A |
30V |
2V@100mA |
L |
no |
TO220, SMT |
classic |
79L05 |
-5V |
100mA |
35V |
1.7V@40mA |
L |
no |
TO92, SMT |
classic |
79L12 |
-12V |
1A |
35V |
2V@100mA |
L |
no |
TO220, SMT |
classic |
LM317 |
1.2-37V |
1.5A |
40V |
1.6V@100mA |
L |
no |
TO220, SMT |
variable |
LP2953 |
5V |
250mA |
30V |
0.024V @80mA |
L |
yes |
DIP, SMT |
|
LP3871 |
5V4 |
800mA |
7V |
0.024V@80mA |
L |
yes |
TO220, SMT |
|
ICL7663 |
1.6-16V |
50mA |
18V |
1V@10mA |
L |
no |
DIP, SMT |
|
ICL7665 |
1.6-16V |
dual comparator w/ reference for V regs |
DIP, SMT |
|
TLE2426 |
4-40V |
Ground splitter5, 80mA max |
TO92 |
|
Notes
1. Type can be L for linear or S for switching. Linear
regulators have the least output ripple and won't inject noise
in the system. They work by reducing the difference between the
input and output voltage as heat, so they often require heat
sinks. Switch mode power supplies work by turning on and off
typically hundreds of thousands of times each second. They
dissipate much less power, but introduce typically 10mV to 100mV
of ripple into the output.
2. Some chips have a pin that indicates if the output is
in-regulation or not.
3. Vd is the dropout voltage, the minimum voltage that the
input must exceed the output for the output to be regulated. It is
a strong function of output current.
4. 2.5V and 3.3V versions are also available.
5. A ground splitter takes a ground and a Vcc supply, and creates a
new supply output at Vcc/2. This is typically used as a
virtual ground, giving the user ±Vcc/2 and the virtual
ground supplies.
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